Betula ermanii

Erman’s birch is found over a large range in the northern parts of north-east Asia. It is very variable in form: the Japanese and Korean mountain form resembles that of the shrubby mountain birch (B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii) found in northern Finland, while the Sakhalin Island form, for example, is that of an upright large tree. In places it forms large economically valuable forests, the wood being very hard.